【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforBlood/IntravenousFluid/IrrigationFluidWarmers
【原文标准名称】:血液/静脉注射液/冲洗液保暖箱的标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMF2172-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C39
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_20
【页数】:20P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforFieldMeasurementofInfiltrationRateUsingDouble-RingInfiltrometerwithSealed-InnerRing
【原文标准名称】:使用有密封内环的双环渗透计现场测量渗透率的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5093-2002(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:doubleringinfiltration;in-placeinfiltration;soilmoistureinfiltrometer;Clayliners;Double-ringinfiltrometers;Fieldtesting--soil;Fine-grainedsoil;Flowandflowrate--water;Infiltrationrate;Soil;Soil-moistureanalysis
【摘要】:Thistestmethodprovidesameanstomeasurelowinfiltrationratesassociatedwithfine-grained,clayeysoils,andareintherangeof1x00D7;10x2212;7m/sto1x00D7;10x2212;9m/s.Thistestmethodisparticularlyusefulformeasuringliquidflowthroughsoilmoisturebarrierssuchascompactedclaylinerorcoversusedatwastedisposalfacilities,forcanalandreservoirliners,forseepageblankets,andforamendedsoillinerssuchasthoseusedforretentionpondsorstoragetanks.Thepurposeofthesealedinnerringisto:(1)provideameanstomeasuretheactualamountofflowratherthanadropinwaterelevationwhichistheflowmeasurementprocedureusedinTestMethodD3385and(2)toeliminateevaporationlosses.Thepurposeoftheouterringistopromoteone-dimensional,verticalflowbeneaththeinnerring.Theuseoflargediameterringsandlargedepthsofembedmentshelpstoensurethatflowisessentiallyone-dimensional.Thistestmethodprovidesameanstomeasureinfiltrationrateoverarelativelylargeareaofsoil.Testsonlargevolumesofsoilcanbemorerepresentativethantestsonsmallvolumesofsoil.Thedataobtainedfromthistestmethodaremostusefulwhenthesoillayerbeingtestedhasauniformdistributionofporespace,andwhenthedensityanddegreeofsaturationandthehydraulicconductivityofthematerialunderlyingthesoillayerareknown.Changesinwatertemperaturecanintroducesignificanterrorinthevolumechangemeasurements.Temperaturechangeswillcausewatertoflowinoroutoftheinnerringduetoexpansionorcontractionoftheinnerringandthewatercontainedwithintheinnerring.Theproblemoftemperaturechangescanbeminimizedbyinsulatingtherings,byallowingenoughflowtooccursothattheamountofflowresultingfromatemperaturechangeisnotsignificantcomparedtothatduetoinfiltration,orbyconnectinganddisconnectingthebagfromtheinnerringwhenthewaterintheinnerringisatthesametemperature.Ifthesoilbeingtestedwilllaterbesubjectedtoincreasedoverburdenstress,thentheinfiltrationratecanbeexpectedtodecreaseastheoverburdenstressincreases.Laboratoryhydraulicconductivitytestsarerecommendedforstudiesoftheinfluenceoflevelofstressonthehydraulicpropertiesofthesoil.Note18212;Thequalityoftheresultproducedbythisstandarddependsonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingitandthesuitabilityoftheequipmentandfacilitiesbeingused.AgenciesthatmeetthecriteriaofPracticeD3740aregenerallyconsideredcapableofcompetentandobjectivetesting,sampling,inspection,etc.UsersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfensurereliableresults.Reliableresultsdependonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameansofevaluatingsomeofthosefactors1.1Thistestmethoddescribesaprocedureformeasuringtheinfiltrationrateofwaterthroughin-placesoilsusingadouble-ringinfiltrometerwithasealedinnerring.1.2Thistestmethodisusefulforsoilswithinfiltrationratesintherangeof1x00D7;10x2212;7m/sto1x00D7;10x2212;10m/s.Wheninfiltrationratesx2265;1x00D7;10x2212;